çuvaşça ingilizce sözlük

a

aca child, boy
agrotehnika (Russ.) agricultural technology
ak, akă lo! here (as in ‘see here)
ak- to sow akakan sower
aka plow; plowed field, arable land
akăsh swan
akka elder sister
ala to sift
ală hand
alăk door
allă fifty
alsa mitten
alşyrăvĕ manuscript
altuj walking stick, pole, rod, fishing pole
ama wife, mother; amăshĕ his/her mother
amin (Russ.) amen
an indeclinable negative particle placed before verb in imperative
an to descend, go down (both in general, and of the sun)
anatri low, lower (specifically, the lower dialect of Chuvash)
ancah but, only, however
ankarti threshing yard; vegetable garden
anne mother;
apat (Russ.) dinner, main meal of the day, whether at noon or evening
apla such, how, thus, so
appa elder sister
aprel (Russ.) April
ar male, man, husband
aran somehow
arăm female, woman, wife
arestle to arrest
arşuri woodgoblin
as mind, understanding, memory; as tu- to pay heed, watch out, remember
asăn to remember, pray, implore, ask
asap pain, torment
asatte grandfather
asărha to guess, deduce, conclude, notice
aslă old, big, great, respected;
asli the old one (a senior member); aslălăx greatness, glory, grandeur
astu to pay heed (from as + tu- ‘to do, make‘)
ash meat
asshĕ his father (derived from atte)
asshĕ-amăshĕ his/her father and mother, his/her parents, the parents
Atăl Volga river; anlă Atăl Great Volga
Atte father
Atte-anne father and mother, parents
at‘a come on! let‘s go! well!; at‘ăr plural to preceding
av house, dwelling
aval formerly, in olden times
avan good, well; avantarah better
av there (as in see there!‘)
avăn a flail to thresh grain; avăn şap to thresh
avgust (Russ.) August
avlan to marry (found one‘s house‘)
avtobus (Russ.) trolley bus
avtomat-rucka (Russ.) fountain pen
ah interjection of satisfaction, or of discontent
-ah enclitic particle of emphasis.
ahal in vain, to no avail; free, gratis
ahăltat to laugh uproariouslj, guffaw
ahăr I certainly, of course
ahăr II create an uproar, go heavy (wind, strom), lough out loudly
aj interjection of dissatisfaction
aj postposition: the underside, underneath, lower surface of something.
ajalalla downwards, towards the underside
ajak side
aj-haj interjection of ironical nature, sarcastic
azot (Russ.) nitrogen
ă

ăn reason, understanding, memorj; ănla(n) to understand, perceive; ănlanmalla distinctly, clearly
ănlantar to make understand, to explain
ănsa pyr to succed
ănsărtran unexpectedly
ăs to draw, tap (water, etc.)
ăsat to accompany
ăşta where; ăştan whence, from where
ăsh postpositlon: the interior, inner, inside
ăshă warm; ăšăn- to heat, to warm; ăšăt- to heat, to warm
ăshăk shallow, shallowness
ăvăs aspen, aspen tree
ăjăr stallion
ăjăh(yjăh) sleep
b

barzha (Russ.) barge
basn‘a (Russ.) fable syn. juptaru
brigada (Russ.) team, work brigade
bjuro (Russ.) office, bureau
c

can bell; barrel, vat
cap news, fame; capa tuh become famous
caplă famed, famous; fashionable
car to hold back, stop, prohibit, forbid;
carăn intr to restrain oneself, hold oneself back, stop
carănu noun stop, halt, termination Tepĕr carănu Naci Biblioteki The next stop is National Library
carshav veil, scarf, curtain
caru noun restraint, constraint, prohibition, obsticle
cas quick; soon; casah quick, quickly; soon
cashăk (Russ.) cup
cashlattar to go ‘sh-h-h!‘; of sled runners, to make a noise in the snow, to hiss
cav to dig
cavsa elbow
căm to dive under
căn true, truth; cănah trulj, indeed
căt to endure, hold out, last
căvash Chuvash, pertaining to Chuvash or Chuvashia;
căvashla Chuvash (adjective), in the Chuvash language
cecek flower; ceceklĕ colorful
cert‘ozhnik (Russ.) draftsman
cej tea; cejnĕk (Russ.) teapot
cĕkeş the swallow (bird)
cĕlĕh cord, band; the vocal cords
cĕlhe tongue, language
cĕn to invite, call; cĕnter to have invited
cĕntĕrle to adorn with carving (especiallj wood)
cĕr I knee; cĕrkuşlen to fall on one‘s knees
cĕr II draw, scratc
cĕre heart
cĕrĕ live, alive; cĕrĕl- to come alive
cĕriklet to squeak, creak
cĕtre to shake, shiver, tremble, vibrate
cĕvĕ noise, sound (of anj sort)
ci very, most; ci lajăh very good, excellent
cik to stick, to stick in
cikĕ border, edge; inside, interior, insides (especially of a living person);
ciper good, respectable
cirkü curc
cirlĕ sick, ill
cital‘nja (Russ.) reading room syn. vulavăsh
cylaj muc, great, a lot
clen (Russ.) member, part
cukun (Russ.) iron, cast iron; cukun şul ‘iron road‘, railway, railroad
cul stone
cun spirit, soul
cup to run
cup tu to kiss (lit. ‘to make a kiss‘)
custa dough
cuh time, once, suddenly, for a time; “at the time when,“ as an accusative without suffix; cuhne ‘at its time‘ = when, at the time when…
cuhĕ so much, so many
cürece window
cühen to pour over oneself; to wash
d

dekabr" (Russ.) December syn.rashtav
delegat (Russ.) delegate
direktor (Rugs.) director
drama (Russ.) drama, dramatic
e

e-e interjection of reproac
ekskursi (Russ. ) excursion, trip
elektrotehnika electrotechnical, electrically operated
emel medicine
epĕ I
epir we
ereh liquor, wine., vodka
erne week
ernekun Friday
esĕ you (singular)
esir you (plural)
etem man
eh interjection of dissatisfaction or satisfaction
-eh enclitic particle of emphasis cf. –ah
ej interjection of greeting
ĕ

ĕlĕk formerly, once upon a time; ĕlĕkhi the former one, the one that was formerly
ĕlkĕr to get to, have time for; succeed
ĕmĕr life, age; century ĕmĕreh forever
ĕmĕtlen to dream
ĕne cow
ĕnen to believe
ĕnenü faith, belief
ĕner yesterday
ĕntĕ already, now
ĕş I work, business, matter, affair
ĕşcen adj. industrious, diligent
ĕşcen n. industrious person, labourer, worker
ĕşle to work
ĕşleken n. worker
ĕşletter to make work
ĕşsĕrlĕh unemplojment;
ĕş şynni worker, working man
ĕş II to drink;
ĕşkĕ beverage (alcoholic), drink; party
ĕşkĕ-şikĕ party
ĕşke often -şke indeed, verily
f

fabrika (Russ.) factory
fashist Fascist
ferma (Russ.) farm
fevral‘ (Russ.) February syn. narăs
flot (Russ. ) fleet
g

galstuk (Russ.) necktie
gektar (Russ.) hectare
Germani Germany
gidroelektrostanci (Russ.) hjdroelectric power plant
gorn (Russ.) horn
gosudarstvo (Russ.) state (political entity) syn. patshalăh
granica (Russ.) border syn. cikĕ
h

-ha particle lightly expressed command, request
hal strength, energy, push
hal şiter to have enough strength
hal", halĕ now
halăh nation, people, folk
haliccen (from halĕ) up to now, up to this time
ham I myself
hamăr we ourselves; own, very own
hapăl reception, accepting; conversion (religious)
hapăl tu to accept well, be acceting
hapha gate
harlattar, hărlattar to snore, buzz
harpăr hăj eac himself
harpăr hăjĕn one"s proper
hashka- to wheeze, pant
haşat newspaper, gazette
hatĕrle to prepare, make ready
havas joy, pleasure
havaslan to be joyful, rejoice
havassăn readilj, with pleasure
haj that
hajar bad, evil
hajhi that (distant)
hăjpăt peel, cut off, skin, to take away, free, tear loose
hălaş a measure: fathom, two jards, 1.9 meters
hălaşla to stretc, extend
hălaşlan gesticulate
hălha ear
hăma board, stave
hămăsh reed, rush, cane
hăna guest
hăpar to rise, ascend, go up
hăpart to raise, to bring up; construct, build up
hăr to dry dry out
hăra to be afraid, to fear
hăravşă fearful, frightened
hărăk dry, dried up
hăşan when
hăshĕ whic, certain
hăshpĕr some, certain ones
hăt lo! woe! alas!
hătar to save
hătăl to be saved, to find refuge
hătlan to try, attempt, concern oneself with
hăv see hu
hăva willow
hăvala to drive; case
hăvar to leave (transitive)
hăvat power, strength, might
hăvatlă valiant, strong
hăvah you jourself;
hăvăr you jourselves
hăvăl hole, opening, cavity
hăvărt quicklj
hăj he himself
hăjsem they themselves;
hăjar cucumber
hăjăr sand
hăju noun dare
hăjullă courageous, brave, daring
hĕl, hĕlle winter
hĕn pain, trouble, misfortune
hĕpĕrte to delight, hearten
hĕr girl, daughter, woman
hĕraca girl cild, girl
hĕr to glow, become glowing; hĕrt- to glow
hĕrĕ shore, edge (of road, water); hĕrri postposition: ‘its edge,‘ at one side, beside
hĕrĕh forty
hĕrlĕ red
hĕsĕrle to press, be urgent, compelling
hĕvel sun
hĕveltuhăş Orient, Far East
hir plain, field, desolate place
hirĕş postposition: against
hirĕşü quarrel, confrontation
hisep I number;
hisep II respect, courtesy, appreciation
hiseple to respect, to reckon, to heed, to treasure, to hallow
hitre nice, beautiful
hitrelen to become beautiful
hor (Russ.) coir, coral
hu you yourself
hu (hăv) to drive, pursue, dispatc, send
hul, hulă arm
hulpuşşi shoulder
hula town, city
hum wave
hun I father-in-law syn. hun‘asshĕ
hun II Khan
hun‘ama (hunem) mother-in-law
hup to close up, close in; hupănni closing, close; hupla to close, cover
hup-hura black, jet black
hupă sasă consonant
hur I goose;
hur II shame, distress
hur III to place, set, lay; vut hur to lay a fire, make a fire
hura black
hural I sentry hural tăr to stand watc
hural II to blacken
huran kettle
hurăn birc tree
hurşă steel
huşa master, host
huşalăh economy
Husan Kazan
hush to command, order; add
hushamat family name
hushă interval, distance; postposition between
hushăk space, interval, interstice
hut I paper
hut II storey, level, floor ikkĕmĕsh hut second floor; time vişĕ hutcen three times
hut III to heat
huta postposition during
hutor (Russ.) farm
hutran-sitren at times
hutshăn- to mix, mingle, cooperate
hujhă care, sorrow, grief
hujhăr to bemoan
hüme fence of rails, or stone
hüre tail, stern of ship
hühĕm beautiful, fine, glorious, superior
hütĕ secure, protected
hütĕle to defend, protect
hütlĕh security, secure place, defence
hypar report, message; title of a newspaper established in 1906
hyparşă herald
hypar-hănar news
hyr I pine tree
hyr II to scrape, shave, clean
hyrăm belly, stomac
hyş I noun rear part postposition behind; hyşaltan from behind; hyşşăn after
hyş II scratc, rub, scrape
hytă I hard, stiff, firm
hytă II stingy, ungenerous
hytkukar an ungenerous person
i

-i interrogative particle
Iisus (Russ.) Jesus
ik, ikĕ, ikkĕ two; iksherĕn two at a time
ikken it seems, as it were
ikercĕ a kind of waffle or pancake
il- to take, to buy
ilem beauty
ilemlĕ beautiful, having beauty;
ilemlĕ literatura belles-lettres, literature in the artistic sense
ilt see itl-
im, i-mĕn Reallj! you don‘t say!
imĕsh as it were
institut (Russ.) institute
inşe far, distant; inşetri far, distant, in the distance
intereslen (Russ.) to be interested (takes instrumental case) syn. kăsăklan
irĕk will, freedom, volition; irĕkkĕn voluntarily, freely, at will
irĕl to melt, thaw
irt to occur, take place, pass, happen
irtĕncĕh playful cild
irhi morning; irhine in the morning
itle to listen, hear, obey
j

jal village
jalan always, continually; jalanah always, regularly, promptly
jalav banner, flag
jal-huşalăh agriculture
janăravla, janra to sound, make noise
janvar‘ (Russ. ) January syn. kărlac
japala thing, object
japala jacĕ noun
jar to send; to leave, let, release, let go name
jat name
jahăn postposition approximately
jăl-jăl smiling
jălăm meadow bank of the Volga
jălăn to ask, beg, request
jălkăsh to burn, blaze brightly
jămra willow
jăpshan to lurk, hide
jăt to lift, carrj; hyrăm jăt- to be pregnant
jăvalan to roll
je or; je ... je either ... or
jem-jeshĕl verj green
jen side, direction; jenĕpe on its side‘ = on behalf of, on the part of
jeple what sort of, how jeplesker what sort of a
jert to lead
jertüşĕ leader; host, announcer (on TV, radio)
jeshĕl green
jesher to become green
jevĕr like, similar
jevĕrle immitate
jĕkel acorn
jĕm pants
jĕnercĕk saddle
jĕp needle
jĕp-jĕpe soaking wet
jĕpe wet
jĕpen to become wet
jĕpet to wet
jĕr I line, strip, trace, track
jĕr II to weep, cry
jĕrke order, row, regulation
jĕrkele to line up, bring to order; organize
jĕrkellĕ normal, regular, orderly
jĕven rein
jyshăn to appropriate, take over, occupy, accept
jytă dog
jyvăr heavy, difficult
jyvărlăh difficulties
jyvăş tree
jul to remain
julashki last, final; remaining
jultash comrade, fellow
jultashlăh comradeship, fellowship
jul" (Russ.) July syn. Ută
juman oak
jumanlăh oak grove
jumah tale, fairy tale, parable, riddle
jumăş sorcerer, fortune-teller, soothsayer, faith healer, shaman
jun blood
jun" (Russ.) June syn. şĕrtme
junkun Wednesday
jupa pole, column
jur snow
jurat to love, like
juratu love
jură song
jurla to sing
jut strange, foreign
juh to flow (of liquids, rivers)
juhanshyv river
jünĕ ceap, inexpensive
jünel to ceapen
k

-ka particle lightly expressed command, request
kabina (Russ.) cabin, fuselage, cockpit
kaccă bridegroom, husband
kala to speak, tell, say; play (an instrument)
kalaş to converse
kalaşu conversation, speec
kalarăshpe in accordance with what one said
kalca kernel, grain
kallah kalleh again, still, back
kam who
kam ta pulin anyone, whoever it may be;
kamănlăh (padezhĕ) genitive (case)
kan to rest
kanlĕ carefree; cosy, comfortable
kandidatura (Russ.) candidacy
kanfet (Russ.) confections, candy
kantăk window; glass
kantur (Russ.) office
kapan haystack
kapla suc, suc a, so
kar to stretc out
karăn to stretc oneself, to swell up
karas a kind of carp
karcăk old woman
karlankă throat, larynx
karmash to reac out for
kart notc; card
karta \karda\ fence, ; herd of livestock
karta \kart:ă\ (Russ. ) map, card
kas to cut
kasăl to cut oneself up
kaska copping block
kassa (Russ.) savings bank, bank; pay-window, cashier‘s stand
kaş I evening kaşhine in the evening
kaş II to go over, cross over
kaşar to lead over; forgive, excuse
kashăk spoon
kashla to murmur (of a forest)
kashni eac, every
kahal lazybones, person who is lazy
kavle to cew (as to cew the cud)
kaj I behind, after portion, rear; kajran then, after; kajalla back to; once more
kaj II to go, travel; particle expressing of negative surprise
kajni the going, departure
kajăk wild animal, wild bird, bird, game
kazah Kazakh
kăkăr breast, bosom, cest
kălar issue; subtract
kămaka oven, stove
kămălla like, prefer
kămăllă good, kind
kămrăk coal
kămpa mushrooms
kăna rather, only, merely
kăntăr south, noon; kantărla by day
kărantash pencil
kărcankă scabs, mange
kăşal adv. this year kăşalhi present-day, of this year
kăshkăr to cry out, shout kăshkărashkala to cry out repeatedly
kăsht a bit, a little
kătart to show, to cause to see
kătra curl, lock (of hair)
kăvak blue
kăvakal duck (fowl)
kenguru (Russ.) kangaroo
kĕmĕl silver
kĕneke book
kĕpe shirt
kĕper bridge
kĕr I fall (season); kĕrkunne in the fall
kĕr II to go in, enter
kĕrt I to let in, admit kĕni entrance, going in
kĕrt II snowdrift
kĕrt jytti wild dog
kĕrle to murmur, rustle, roar (of airplanes)
kĕreple (Russ.) rake
kĕresh fight
kĕrĕsh to hire oneself out
kĕrü son-in-law kĕrüshĕ his/her/their son-in-law
kĕske short
kĕsket to shorten, abbreviate
kĕşen to neigh, whicker, whinny
kĕşĕn young, small
kĕşnernikun Thursday
kĕt to wait kĕtesle on installments, on credit
kĕtes angle
kĕtü herd
kĕvĕ melody
kil I house; kilelle homewards; kilseren at eac and every house
kil II to come, arrive
kilĕsh to agree Văl mana pulăshma kilĕshrĕ He agreed to help me; to be liked Ku kĕneke mana kilĕshet I like this book; to matc Ku kĕpe sana kilĕshet This dress matces you.
kilĕshü agreement, treaty; peace
kilogramm (Russ.) kilogram
kimĕ boat, ship
kin daughter-in-law
kino (Russ.) movie, cinema, motion picture
kirek: kirek kam whoever; kirek mĕn whatever; kirek mĕnle however; kirek ăşta wherever, anywhere
kirlĕ necessary; deserving, suitable
kirpĕc brick
kivĕ old (of things, not people)
klass (Russ.) class
kofe (Russ.) coffee
kollektiv (Russ. ) collective
kombajn (Russ.) combine
komissi (Russ.) commission
konferenci (Russ.) conference
kruzhok (Russ.) circle, club
ku this
kukăl‘ pie, pastry
kukăr bend, corner, turn
kul to laugh; kulkala to laugh repeatedly
kun day; kunĕpe all day
kunşul life
kunta hither, to here, here
kunti at here, local; kuntan from here, hence
kupa stack, pile
kupala to stack, pile up
kur to see
kura postposition thanks to, in regard to, concerning
kurăk plant, grass
kurăn to be seen, seem, be visible, look like
kurka cup, scoop
kurshanak burdock seed
kus to turn, return, go back
kusem these
kuş I eye
kuş II to move
kuşar to translate; to move (transitive)
kuşlăh eyeglasses
kuşşul‘ tear, teardrop
kushak cat
kut rear, backside, derrière, ass
kut shătăkĕ asshole, anus
külĕ lake
kür to bring, produce, yield
kürt to bring in, let in, lead into
kürshĕ neighbor
l

lager‘ (Russ.) camp
lapka area, flatness, surface; flat
lar to sit, seat oneself
lart to set, place
lasha horse
lav cart, bad (from ălav)
lavkka (Russ.) shop, store
lăpah still, quiet, peaceful
lăpkă peaceful, Pacific
lăstărkka lazy, indolent; ragged
leple thus, so, as, consequently
lesh, leshĕ that (distant), other
lëtcik (Russ.) pilot
linejka (Russ.) a line, rank
litr (Russ.) liter, quart
lupashka gorge, ravine

m

macca ceiling; roof (of mouth)
makăr- to cry, weep, bewail
mal front, fore
malta forward
malalla forwards
maltan previously, before, at first
mamăk cotton
manăn mine, my (genitive of "I")
mar negative article occurring before verbs: no, not
mart (Russ.) Marc syn. Push
matematika (Russ.) mathematics
matka (Russ.) old woman
maj (Russ.) Maj syn. şu
majĕpen slow
majlash to be constructed, formed, organized; go back to normal, become orderly
majsăr quite, fiercely,
măkăn‘ poppj
mărlat to purr
mărje smokestack
măshăr pair, twain
măshărlan to marry
măshărrăn in pairs
măj neck
metall (Russ.) metal, metallic
mĕn what?; mĕnle having what?, what sort; that waj, so, like that; mĕn te pulin something, anything; mĕnle te pulin however it may be, somehow
mĕnpur total, assembled, whole, entire
mĕnshĕn why, for what?
mĕnshĕn tesen because
mĕsker what sort of person or thing?
ministerstvo (Russ.) ministry (government)
mişe how muc?
mul property, goods, belongings
Muskav Moscow
Muşşa Mussja (proper name)
muhta to praise, glorifj;
muhtavlă glorious, reknowned
muzyka (Russ.) music
n

nacar bad
nagradăla (Russ.) to award, decorate
nakidka (Russ.) cloak
namăs shame
namăssăr shameless, dishonorable
namăslan to be ashamed
Narspi Narspi, proper name; name of a beautiful Cuvash maiden in the famous poem Narspi by Konstantin Ivanov
nauka (Russ.) science
najan lazy
ni negative particle, no, not; nikam ta no one; nimĕn te nothing; nimĕn cuhlĕ te seldom; nimĕnle te no way; nimĕsker te nothing of the sort; nişta nowhere, to nowhere; nihăshĕ no one; nijeple te nothing
nim, nimĕn nothing, no sort of; nimĕn ĕş te no sort of work, no work at all
nikĕs basis, fundamental
nojabr‘ (Russ. ) November syn. Cük
nu (Russ.) now, weil, then
numaj manj, muc; nummajccen for a long time, muc, a great deal
nürĕ damp, moist
o

oborudovani (Russ.) equipment, outfittings
oktjabr‘ (Russ.) October
orden (Russ.) order, decoration
otecestvennăj (Russ.) adj. fatherland, patriotic syn. attelĕh
otr‘ad (Russ.) detacment, squad, unit
p

-pa with, at, in the company of, together with, etc.; pala being in company with and, along; -palan postposition for (plus instrumental case)
pallă sign, caracteristic, mark; famous, reknown, known; pallă jacĕ adjective
padezh (Russ.) case (grammatical)
paksha squirrel
palla to know, recognize; pallash- to know one another, to be acquainted
paha dear, valuable; good, fine
pahca garden
paj part, unit
pajla divide
pajlan to be parted; divided
pajan today; now
pajărka bundle, sheaf; rays
pajtah enough, rather, quite; pajtacen for a long time
pancen shortened colloq. of patĕncen from sb"s place, from the location of something
panulmi apple
par to give, present
parankă potatoes syn. şĕr ulmi
parappan (Russ.) drum
parăm transgressions, debts; obligation
parta \`part:ă\ (Russ.) student‘s desk
parti \`part:i\ (Russ.) party (political)
paru dative case; tax
pasar bazaar, fair, market
paşărtanpa for a long time, since long
pat postposition side, towards; patne to its side, to, towards, e. g. ‚ un patne towards him, to him; patĕncen from the side, from beside; pirĕn patra (pirĕn patămărta) at our place, at the side of us
patsha ruler, king, pasha, padishah, tsar; patshalăh state, kingdom
pattăr brave, courageous; hero, epic hero, pattărrăn heroically, bravely;
pattărla heroically
pavuska (Russ.) cart, wagon
păca only in the phrase aca-păca “cildren“
păr I ice
păr II to turn, wind, bend, bore; părăn to turn oneself
părah to throw
părahut (Russ.) steamship
părăş pepper; sară părăş "yellow pepper" = mustard
părkăcă shaft-poles of a cart or wagon
părtak a little, some, a bit
păs steam; păslan to steam, rise up in mist
păh to watc, observe; wait, await; take care of
pedagogika (Russ.) pedagogy, teacing methods, education
pek suc, suc a, like; şavăn pek like this, suc a; şakăn pek like this, suc a
-pele same as -pala
pepke baby, infant
per to shoot, throw
pereket abundance, excess, savings
pĕccen alone
pĕcĕk small; pĕcĕkşĕ small; pĕcĕkkĕn little by little, gradually
pĕl to know, experience; pĕlter inform, to make known, mean; pĕlü knowledge, things known
pĕlĕt sky, cloud
pĕltĕr last year
pĕr one, a; pĕrpĕr some, one or another; pĕri one of; pĕrer one eac; pĕr pĕrinpe to one another
pĕrcĕ grain, crop; particle
pĕrle ‘having one‘ = as one, together, e. g. ‚ unpa pĕrle together with him; pĕrleleh instrumental (case); pĕrlesh- to make one, unite, unifj; pĕrleshtĕr— to be united
pĕrmaj continually
pĕrpek ‘like one,‘ alike, similar, identical
pĕrre same as pĕr; pĕrre ... tepre now ... now
pĕşer to cook, make boil
pĕt to end, finish, lose; give out, run out; pĕter to end, use up
pĕtĕlen to become pregnant (about animals)
pĕtĕm all
picce uncle, elder brother
picĕke barrel, tub, vat
picet (Russ. ) press; seal
pilĕk waist
pillĕk, pilĕk five; pilĕkşullăh five-jear plan
pin thousand
pirĕn our (genitive of epir ‘we‘)
pirki postposition bj means of, on account of
pirvaj first of all
piş to cook, boil; pişnĕ cooked, boiled, ripe; mature, experienced
pit face, side; picĕ its side
pitĕ very
pyr I throat
pyr II to go, walk, come, travel
pysăk large, great, big; pysăklat to enlarge, make bigger, grow
pytan to secrete, hide oneself, take refuge; pytar to hide, conceal, secrete (transitive)
plan (Russ.) plan
ploşadka (Russ.) square, court, platform
plug (Russ.) plow
pogranicnik (Russ.) border guard
povest‘ (Russ. ) story, narrative
pojezd, pujăs (Russ.) train
praşnik (Russ.) holiday, vacation syn. ujav
pravleni (Russ.) direction, management
pravo (Russ.) right, rights, law, justice
predlozheni (Russ.) clause, sentence
predsedatel‘ (Russ.) cairman, presiding officer, president
premĕk, pĕremĕk (Russ.) gingerbread
premi (Russ.) prize
produkci (Russ.) production
proliv (Russ.) straits
promyshlennost", promyshlennoş (Russ.) industry
protez (Russ.) prosthesis, artificial limb
pul to be, to become
pula postposition for, owing to
pulă fish; pulăşă fisher, fisherman
pulăsh to help, aid; pulăshu help, aid, assistance
pulĕ it is possible; pulin "let it be" concessive verb form; pulin te although; pulsan conditional verb form; pulsan ta although, even if; pultar to cause to be, to be able
puple to speak
puplev speec (the faculty)
pur there is, there are, there exists
purăn to live; purănăş life; purănmalăh to live on
purşăn silk
purccĕ past of pur: there was, there were
purtă axe
purte all, every, eac
pus to press, step, to push
pusan = pulsan; pusan ta = pulsan ta
pusmăr oppression, force
puş head; beginning
puşĕlĕh pillow, cushion, headrest
puşla to begin
puşlamăsh the beginning
puşne postposition except
puşşap to implore, beg
puştar to collect, gather
push Marc
pushă empty, vacant; pushan to empty oneself, unload oneself; push-hir desert, desolate place
put to sink
putăk valley, ravine
putek joung ewe, lamb
put‘eh probablj, indeed
puh to assemble, gather (transitive); puhăn to assemble, to come together in a gathering; puhu meeting
pujan ric, wealthy, ric man; pujanlăh wealth, ricness
pülĕm room
Pülĕh a sort of god or spirit
pürne finger
pürt house, residence, living room (usuallj, the central heated room of a small but, as opposed to an entire dwelling or house)
r

raboci (Russ.) worker
Raşşej Russia
rajon (Russ.) region
rel‘s (Russ.) rail (of a railroad)
respublika (Russ.) republic
ret order, row, rank, file, series
revol‘uci (Russ.) revolution
rezoljutsi (Russ.) resolution
Rossija used in Soviet time Russia, now used Raşşej
s

sad (Russ.) garden
sakărvunnă eighty
sakăr, sakkăr eight
salan to fall apart, go apart, break in pieces, disband
salt to untie, loosen, unfasten
saltak soldier
samana time (the concept);
samant moment; pĕr samant for a moment
samol‘ot (Russ.) airplane
sanăn your (genitive of esĕ "you")
sapala to sow, scatter, pour, sprinkle
sară jellow; fair, blonde; beautiful (in folklore)
sarăl to extend oneself, enlarge
sarlaka wide, widelj; sarlakash width, wideness, extent; latitude
sasan carp-fish
sasartăk suddenly
sasă voice, sound; vote; sasă cĕlĕhĕ vocal cords; sasă-cĕvĕ sound, noise, voice; sasăla to vote; sasălav poll
sahal little, few, shallow
sav to love
savăn to be happy
savăt container, holder
sajra thin, sparse
sămah word, speec; parable; sămahran for example
sămsa nose
săn exterior, appearance, face, form, shape
săna to observe, notice
sănav observation; attempt, try
săncăr cain, reins
săpka cradle
săra beer
săran skin, hide
sărt hill, mountain
săvăr marmot
săhmanlăh material for a caftan
sekretar‘ (Russ. ) secretary
sentjabr‘ (Russ.) September syn. avăn
-seren suffix meaning ‘eac, every‘ as kilseren every house, şulseren annually
sehet watc; hour
sĕm-tĕttĕm pitc-dark
sĕr to grease, smear
sĕt milk
sĕtel table
shalt quite, verj
shan I to wither
shan II to hope
shancăk hope
shap-shură snow-white
-shar suffix of numerals ‘eac, per‘
shartla to crackle
shavla to rage, roar
shahmat (Russ.) cess
shăk urine
shăl I tooth
shăl II to wipe off, sweep; wash; shălăn to wipe oneself off
shălt-shalt onomatopoetic words
shămlăh wonder, strange
shămatkun Saturday
shăn to freeze
shăna fly (insect)
shănkăr-shănkăr onomatopoetic words
shap same, equal, exact; shăplan to be the same
shăp stillness, quiet shăplăh stillness, quiet
shăpcăk nightingale
shăr to piss, urinate
shărat to melt, heat, smelt, pour
shărşa pearl, bead
shăshi mouse
shăt to grow, spring up, burst out (as of wheat)
shătăk hole, opening
shătărtat to crack, to make cracking noise
shăvar to water (animals), give water to
shăhăr to whistle
shăhlicĕ pipe, reed, flute
-sher see -shar
shevle flash of lightning
shĕlkeme breast buckle on Cuvash native costume
shĕnce for ăshĕnce ‘inside,‘ “in its inside“
-shi particle: whether; Kam-shi ku Who is this One?
shiklen to be afraid of, fear
shyra to seek
shyv water
shkap (Russ.) case, cupboard, drawer
shpal (Russ.) railroad ties
shkul (Russ. ) scool
shpion (Russ.) spy, agent
shu to creep, glide, move
shultra great, large, big
Shupashkar Ceboksary, capital of Cuvashia
shur, shură white
shut account, number, calculation; shutla to calculate
shuhăsh opinion, thought; shuhăshla to be of the opinion, to think
shujttan Satan, the devil
sik to spring, leap, jump; sikkipe at a run; sikkele to shake, move, frolic, gambol; twinkle
Silpi Silbi, name of the village in the poem Narspi
simĕs green
sir to remove, take awaj; sirĕl to shun, avoid; drift, disperse, go away
sirĕn your (genitive of esir ‘jou‘)
sis to feel, sense; sister- to make feel
sivĕ cold, frost; sivvĕn coldly
sijenlĕ harmful
syltăm right
syp to bind, join; sypăk joint; link; capter
syvă healthy
syval to get well
syvla to breathe; syvlăsh air, breath
syhla to guard, watc, keep, observe
-sker suffix, strengthens the preceding form or word, emphatic
socineni (Russ.) composition syn. hajlav
sovet (Russ.) Soviet
sovhoz (Russ.) sovkhoz, state farm
srok (Russ.) time, time limit, deadline
starik (Russ.) old man
stat‘ja (Russ.) article (composition)
storozh (Russ. ) watcman, guard
scenă (Russ. ) stage (of theater)
student (Russ.) student, at universitj level usuallj
sudlash to have a trial at court
sukkăr blind
sulhăn coolness
suntal anvil
supăn‘ soap
surăh sheep
sut I sell; betray
sut II (also sud) (Russ.) court (of justice)
suha plow; suhala to plow
suhal beard; suhallă bearded
suj to lie (tell a falsehood)
sujla to coose, select, elect; sujlav election
sü to peel, flaj, strip
sjezd (Russ. ) conference, congress, assembly
ş

şak, şakă this; şakăn pek suc, suc a, similar
şaklan to hang itself onto, affix
şamrăk young, youth; şamrăkla from youth; şap-şamrăk extremely young
şantalăk weather
şap to strike, hit, fight, beat; avăn şap to thresh; şapăş to struggle, fight; şapăşu a struggle, battle, fight
şapah but, however, still, yet: şapla suc, thus, how, the
şap- intensifying prefix for words in ş-; şap-şută extremelj light (in color); şap-şamrăk very young
şar army, troops
şara bare, bald, naked, empty
şatan wattle fence
şav, şavă that (not too distant); şav teri quite, to suc a degree; şavăn cuhlĕ so muc, suc an amount; şavăn pek suc a, similar; şavănpa (vara) since, for this reason; şavănta to there
şavăr to turn, roll; şavărăn to turn about, turn around; şavrănakan in circumference
şavărsa il to master
şăka linden
şăkăr bread
şăltăr star, planet; constellation
şămăl light, easy; şămăllăn slightly, easily
şămăr = şumăr rain
şăra thick, dense
şăv see şu to wash; to rain; şăvăn to wash oneself
şăvar mouth
şe see şeş
şekĕl hook, hitc
şemĕn postposition by means of, to the degree that
şemşe soft; şemşelen to grow soft, weak
şemje (Russ.) family, household
şerşi sparrow
şeş only, merely; şeş mar not only
şeşen-hir the steppe
şĕkle to lift, raise, surge; şĕklem burden
şĕlen snake, serpent
şĕlĕk hat, cap
şĕmĕr to destroy, ruin; şĕmĕrĕl to break, smash, shatter
şĕnĕ new; şĕnĕlet to renew, rebuild
şĕnter to win, be victorious
Şĕpĕr Siberia
şĕr I land, country, soil, plot
şĕr II night
şĕr III hundred
şĕr IV rotten
şĕrĕ ring
şĕrĕk rotten, spoiled
şĕrshyv land, country
şĕrulmi potatoes
şi I top surface postposition on, top; şince on, on top
şi II to eat
şimĕl since
şic, şicĕ, şiccĕ seven
şil wind
şil to become angrj; şillen to become angrj
şime, şimĕş food, repast, meal, dish
şince see şi
şinşe thin, fine, narrow
şirĕm twenty; şirĕmmĕsh twentieth
şirĕp strong, firm, hard; şirĕplet to strengthen, to approve, to prove
şişĕm lightning
şit to arrive, to rac, get to, succeed, suffice; reac, attain
şitĕn to grow up
şiter to feed, cause to eat
şitmĕl seventy
şivĕc sharp
şivĕt braid
şilăh sin
şyn man, human
şypăş to stick
şypăş to affiks, to stick, to glue
şyr to write şyrkala to write a bit şyrtar to have write, to cause to write şyru thing written, letter; şyrulăh written language, script;
şyran shore, bank
şyrla berry
şyrma ravine, gorge
şyvăr to sleep
şyvăh near, in the vicinity of; şyvhar to approac
şyh to bind, tie; şyhăn- to fasten oneself
şu I oil, grease; butter; summer
şu II (şăv-) to wash; to fall (of rain)
şuk there is not, there are not, there does not exist; şuk-şyn a man who has nothing
şul I road, highway, path
şul II year
şul III to mow
şulşă leaf, sheet, list
şul-jĕr highway
şulşüren traveller
şultalăk jear
şum side postposition along, beside, towards, at, near; şuma-şumăn side by side
şum weed; şum-kurăk weed; şumlă weedy, weedgrown
şumăr rain
şun to burn (intransitive); şuntar to burn (transitive), to cause to burn
şunashka sled, sleigh; şuna sled, sleigh
şunat wing
şup to clap, strike, strike together, box
şur I spring; şurkunne in the springtime
şur II to split
şural to be born; şurat to bear, give birth to
şură I, şur half
şură II baby of a mammal animal
şurla I sickle
şurla II give birth (mammal animals)
şurşĕr north
şurt house, residence
şurutrav peninsula
şută light, visible, clear, bright
şutal to dawn, get light
şut to lighten
şutĕş education, enlightenment
şuha collar
şül, şüllĕ tall, high; şülĕsh height; şülti heavenlj, pertaining to on high; şülelle upwards
şüre to go, wander, travel, visit; şürekele to walk a bit; şüreni going, the going
şüş hair
şühe thin, narrow
t

ta and, or
ta particle makes interrogatives indefinite
tabak (Russ.) tobacco
takam someone, anjone
taka ram
takăr even, flat
talăk day (a period of twenty-four hours; night and daj), a cicle
tan-tan-tan onomatopoetic word
tan even
tanlashtar to compare
tapran to move oneseif
tar I sweat
tar II to flee
taran postposition up to
tarăn deep; tarănăsh deepness, depth
tarla to sweat
tarşă servant
tasa clean; tasal to clean oneself tasat to clean; tasalăh cleanliness
taşta somewhere; taştalla to somewhere
tashă dance; tashla to dance
tat to rip, pluck, snap, tear; pick (flowers, etc.)
tata and, still yet; tatah again, moreover, too
tatăk piece; ripped, torn
tavar goods, wares
tavăr to turn around; to take revenge; tavrăn to return; tavărăn- to come back, return
tavlash to quarrel
tavlăk See talăk
tavra postposition: around
tavşăr to perceive, understand, presume
tavşărullă ingenious
tahăşĕ someone
tahăşan sometime
taj to weigh
tăk to pour, to inflict (a loss)
tătăh widow, widower
tăn consciousness
tăpra ground, soil, dust, earth
tăr to stand, be located; to be; to get up
tăran to satiate, eat one‘s fill
tără top, summit, apex
tărăsh to try, strive; busy oneself, be industrious, diligent; tărăshni striving, endeavour
tărat to cause to stand; to move, propose
tărăh postposition: along, by, according to
tări skylark, lark
tărri top postposition upon, above, on top of
tăs to stretc out to, extend; tăsat to extend
tăshman enemy
tăv see tu
tăvan native indigenous
tăvar salt
tăvattă, tăvată, tăvat four; tăvatkal square, quarter
tăvăl storm, windstorm
tăvu accusative case
tăhăn to put on, to don
tăhărvună, tăhărvunnă ninety
tăhhăr, tăhăr nine
te I or, indeed (often emphasizes the preceding)
te II to say, to have an opninon
tek onlj, just
telej luck, fortune, happiness
temĕn something, somewhat; temĕn cuhlĕ so muc, so many; temĕnle any, some sort; temĕsker someone, a certain one
temişe somewhat
tempek however muc
temtĕrlĕ no small amount, quite a bit, greatlj, verj; not at all
tenkĕ ruble; tenkĕlĕh an amount of rubles, — rubles worth
tepĕr next, other
teple somehow
tepre see pĕrre... tepre...
teri see şav teri
tert need, distress; tertlĕ to be in need, distress
tese in order to, so that
tesen if
tetrad‘ (Russ.) notebook
tevet a Cuvash native garment, worn by girls to weddings
tehnik (Russ.) tecnician
tehnikum (Russ.) tecnicum, a Rossian higher tecnical scool
tĕl place, spot; tĕl pul- to meet, encounter
tĕlĕk dream
tĕlĕn to be astonished, surprised, amazed
tĕlĕr to doze, drowse
tĕmeske hillock
tĕnce world
tĕp ground, base, cief, stem, root; tĕplĕn basicallj
tĕpce to question in detail, to examine, survey
tĕrlĕ various, different; tĕrlĕren various, different, variegated
tĕs color, form; pĕr tĕslĕ with one form, identical
tĕsh grain, kernel; tĕshtyră huşalăh agriculture
tĕtĕm smoke
tĕtre cloud, mist, fog tĕtrellĕ misty, foggy
tĕttĕm dark, darkness
tilĕ fox
timĕr iron (metal); timĕrşĕ smith
tin just, then, only, not until; tin şeş just now
tinĕs sea
tip to dry out; tipĕ dry
tip pyr windpipe
tirpejlĕ orderly, carefully
tisker-kajăk predator (bird or beast)
tiv to concern, touc, fall to one‘s lot; tivĕşlĕ fitting, proper, obliged
tije to load (a wagon or cart)
tymar root
tyră grain; tyrkas ground-squirrel; tyrpul harvest, crop
tyt to hold, seize, set on, catc; tytăn to get ready, to start, be on point of
traktor (Russ.) tractor
trest (Russ.) trust (financial)
trusy (Russ.) underclothes, slips, shorts
tu I mountain
tu (tăv) to do, make, finish, build; tutar- to have made, produce
tula out, outwards, outside, exterior; tulashĕnci external
tulăh ric, abundant, plentiful
tultar to fill, fulfill
tumalli what is to be done, imminent, at hand
tumlan to dress
tumtir clothes, garments
tuna stalk, stem
tuntikun Monday
tup to find
tupsăm reason, existence, answer, solution
turam piece, bit
turat branc, twig
Tură God, god
turt to pull, draw; to smoke; turtni pulling, drawing, smoking; turtăn to strive pull toward
turtă shaft, pole
tus friend; tuslăh friendship
tuta lip
tută well, adequatelj, contentedlj, filled
tutăr cloth, shawl, kercief
tuh to go out, come out; to rise (of the sun)
tuhtăr (Russ.) doctor
tuhu ablative case
tuj to feel, notice
tuja stick, staff, pole
tüle to pay
tülev pay
tüpe rooftop, ceiling, summit
türem even, smooth
tüs to stand, endure
u


ucitel (Russ.) teacer
ukălca a fence, stockade (around villages)
Ukraina Ukraine
ukşa money
ulăm straw, hay
ulăh to arise, ascend
ulma apple; ulmuşşi appletree
ult, ultă, ulttă six
ultala to deceive
um postposition before, in front of, in the presence of; umla-hyşlă one after the other
un pek similar, like, suc a
unăn his, hers, its (genitive of văl ‘he, she, it‘)
unccen until
unta there, thither; untan then, thereupon, from there; untalla thither, to there
upalen to creep, crawl
upăshka husband, spouse
ura leg, foot
uram street
urapa wagon, cart
urăh other, another; urăhla in another way
urlă postposition: through, over, across; urlăsh width
urpa barley
urhalăh the backstrap, cross-strap
us to hang; usăn to hang
usal evil, bad
usă use, profit, advantage; usăllă useful
uş to open uşăl to open oneself
uşlankă clearing, glen
uşşăn clear, fresh; frankly
ushkă pile, heap, crowd, herd, group
ut I horse; utlan- to mount to horse
ut II to walk, go, step
ută hay; island
utmăl sixty
utrav island
u-uh interjection: reproacful attitude
uj field
ujav holiday, celebration
ujăr to divide, split, share; to make out, distinguish; ujrăm separately, apart; department
ujăh moon; month
ü

ük- to fall; üker- to cause to fall, to fell, draw, paint
ükercĕk illustration, sketc
ülĕm in the future, evermore, then, next year
üpke lungs
ürken to be lazy
üs to grow, extend; üster to cause to grow, to grow (transitive), to raise
v

vak small; vakla to make small; vaklan to break up into small pieces, to cop up
vak-kuşĕ ice-hole
valli postposition for, for the sake of
Van‘uk proper name Johnny (from Ivan ‘John‘)
var valley, center, midst
vara since, after, indeed, so thus, so that
vaska to hurrj, hasten; vaskat- to drive
vată old, oldster
văkăr ox, bull
văl he, she, it, that
vălta fishhook
văran to wake up, waken; vărat to wake
vără seed; bandit
vărăm long
vărlăh seed, grain
vărman forest
vărş to fight, quarrel, war; vărşă war
vărttăn secretly
văta middle, center; vătalăh middle; vătam central, average
vătăr thirty
văhăt time, instance
văj strength; văjlă strong
văjă games, dances and singing
vĕltlet to flash, zip, whiz (past); vĕltĕrtet flutter, flash, hover
vĕren rope, line
vĕren to study, learn; vĕreneken disciple, student; vĕrenü studies; vĕrent to teac; vĕrenteken teacer
vĕri hot, heat
vĕr-şĕnĕ brand-new
vĕsem they (plural of văl); vĕsen their
vĕş I end; vĕşe-hĕrri-sĕr "without its end and edge" = infinite
vĕş II to fly; vĕşen-kajăk flying creature, bird
vĕşer to unfasten; vĕşerĕn to unfasten oneseif
vĕtĕ small, tiny
vil to die
vintovkă (Russ.) rifle
vir‘jal upper dialect of Cuvash
viş to measure
viş, vişĕ, vişşĕ three; vişşĕn three together, three at a time
vit to cover; vitĕn to cover oneseif
vitĕr postposition: through
vitre (Russ. ) pail, bucket
vyljăh livestock
vylja- to plaj
vyr to reap
vyrăn place, spot,; bed; vyrnaş to be located, situated; virnaştar- to settle (transitive); vyrăn (padezhĕ) locative case
vyrăs Russian
vyrsarnikun Sunday
vyrt to lie
vystavka (Russ.) exposition, fair syn. kurav
vyş to be hungrj; vyşă hungry
vyşlăh noun starvation
vyşlăh adj. greedy
vlast" (Russ.) authority
vula to read; vulakan reader, one who reads; vulakan reading; vulattar to make read, to have read
vun, vună, vunnă ten
vut fire
vută firewood
vutăsh water sprite
y

yltăn gold, golden
yran tomorrow; yranccen until tomorrow
yrash rye
yrat to pain, hurt; yratni, yratu pain, hurt
yră good; yrla to praise; yrlăh good, beneficence
ytarma şuk endlessly, unlimitedly, exceptionally
ytla quite, verj, more than;
ytlarah more, still more
ytlarikun Tuesday
ytti other, the others
yvăl son, boy
yvăt to throw, cast
yjt to ask, inquire; yjtkalakan beggar
yjhă sleep, slumber

z

zadaca \za`dac:ă\ (Russ.) task
zan‘ati \za`n‘atti\ (Russ.) class
zar‘adka \za`r‘atkă\ (Russ.) exercise
zastava \za`stavă\ (Russ. ) border post, guard station
zaton \za`t:on\ (Russ.) creek
zavod \za`vot\ (Russ.) plant, factorj
zahvatcik (Russ.) usurpers, agressors
zhurnal (Russ. ) magazine